A blister is a small pocket of fluid that forms on the upper layers of the skin due to friction, burns, or other types of skin damage. Blisters are commonly filled with a clear fluid called serum, but they can also contain blood (blood blisters) if deeper layers of the skin are affected. The formation of a blister is the body's way of protecting the underlying skin from further injury by cushioning it with fluid. Blisters can occur anywhere on the body but are most common on the hands and feet due to repeated rubbing or pressure from activities such as walking, running, or manual labor. The causes of blisters vary and include friction, which is the most common cause, especially when skin repeatedly rubs against surfaces like poorly fitting shoes or tools. Blisters can also form due to burns from heat, chemicals, or sun exposure, causing damage to the skin layers. In addition, blisters may result from medical conditions such as eczema, chickenpox, herpes simplex, or impetigo, which cause blistering rashes. Insect bites and allergic reactions can also lead to blister formation. Blisters from friction are usually harmless, but those caused by medical conditions or burns may require more attention.
Treatment for blisters depends on their size, cause, and whether they are intact or have burst. For most blisters caused by friction, the best approach is to leave them intact, as the overlying skin protects the underlying tissue and helps prevent infection. Covering the blister with a bandage or blister pad can protect it from further friction. If a blister is large or painful, it may be carefully drained using a sterilized needle, keeping the skin intact to protect the area. After draining, the area should be covered with a clean, dry dressing. If a blister bursts on its own, clean it gently with soap and water, apply an antibiotic ointment, and cover it with a sterile bandage. It's essential to monitor blisters for signs of infection, such as increased redness, warmth, swelling, or pus. For blisters caused by burns, infections, or medical conditions, seek appropriate medical treatment to address the underlying cause.
